Tuesday, June 25, 2013

Basic Networking.....



What is a Network :



Group of two or more computers / devices connected together

Requirements of network:
Ø  Computers with operating system
Ø  NIC(Network Interface card) for every computer
Ø  Cables and RJ-45 connectors
Ø  Centralized device ( Hub/ Switch)
Ø  IP address for  every computer(Internet Protocol Address)



LAN
Ø  Local area network
Ø  Network devices connected in a limited geographical area
Ø  Within room, with in building , with in campus
Ø  No service provide existence
Ø  Computers are connected to switches



WAN
Ø  Wide area network
Ø  Network devices are in distant areas
Ø  In different cities, countries
Ø  Service provider existence
Ø  Networks are connected with the help of routers


MAN
Ø  Metropolitan area network
Ø  It can be applied across a city




Topology Types:
Ø  Bus topology
Ø  Ring topology
Ø  Mesh topology
Ø  Star topology
Ø   extended topology




Network Devices
NIC:  (Network Interface Card)
Gives the network services to the computer. Every computer must have NIC to communicate with other computers

Hub :
Used to group the devices (regenerates the signal). Called as multi port repeater

Switch :
Used to group the devices (forwards data).faster than Hub

Router :
Used to communicate between different networks

Nic –Addresses
Two addresses are associated with Nic

Physical Address :
Ø  MAC-media access control
Ø  L2 Address
Ø  Permanent-BIA
Ø  48 Bit
Ø  Hexadecimal notation
Ø  Example : 01-5c –D9-6B-03-2E


Logical Address :
Ø  IP –INTERNET PROTOCOL
Ø  L3 Address
Ø  Logical(can be changed)
Ø  32 Bit
Ø  Dotted decimal notation
Ø  Example :192.168.6.1

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